LCM Reference Register
UK Construction Hazard Register
Complete list of construction hazards, each mapped to its primary law, regulation or recognised guidance
Published 22 October 2026, 10:57 pm
253hazards referenced
28hazard categories
6risk stages, A to F
Law & guidanceprimary basis mapped per hazard
This Construction Hazard Register is a reference framework created for UK construction professionals who are responsible for identifying, managing and evidencing risk under real regulatory conditions. It is designed for dutyholders, designers, principal contractors, specialist contractors, safety professionals, auditors and regulators who need a structured, legally anchored view of construction hazards across the full project lifecycle.
The register is organised according to how construction risk is actually managed in practice: starting with legal and management foundations, moving through pre-construction information and site conditions, then high-risk activities and specialist trades, followed by logistics, public interface and residual risks at handover. Each hazard is presented as a stable reference point, mapped to its primary law, regulation or recognised guidance, to support compliance, risk assessment, RAMS development, CDM coordination, Building Safety evidence and professional judgement.
This is not a task-specific risk assessment or legal advice. It is a master hazard identification model intended to be interrogated, filtered and applied by competent persons to specific scopes, projects and roles. Standards and HSE guidance are identified as recognised practice or guidance rather than legislation.
Register map · jump to a category
ALegal, organisational & human factors43 hazards
A1 CDM & Legal Compliance 5A2 Procedural / Organisational 14A3 Human Factors 14A4 Information / Design / Communication 10BPre-construction information & site conditions44 hazards
B1 Environmental Hazards 18B2 Ground Works & Geotechnical 8B3 Utilities & Services 6B4 Radiation & Non-Ionising 1B5 Biological Hazards 11CHigh-risk construction activities86 hazards
C1 Confined Space 8C2 Working at Height 12C3 Fire & Explosion 8C4 Electrical 7C5 Chemical & Hazardous Substances 15C6 Physical Hazards 10C7 Structural Hazards 10C8 Mechanical & Machinery 16DSpecialist & discipline-specific works38 hazards
D1 Demolition-Specific 7D2 Tunnelling & Underground Works 8D3 Piling & Drilling 6D4 Concrete Works 6D5 Steelwork Erection 5D6 Marine & Waterfront Works 6ELogistics, interfaces & public exposure25 hazards
E1 Transport & Traffic 13E2 Public Interface & Third Party 6E3 Welfare & Site Facilities 6253 of 253 hazards
ALegal, organisational & human factors
A1CDM & Legal Compliance5
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| A1.1 | Failure to appoint competent CDM roles (Principal Designer / Principal Contractor) | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A1.2 | Pre-construction information inadequate | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A1.3 | Construction Phase Plan missing or inadequate | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A1.4 | Health & Safety File not prepared or handed over | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A1.5 | Notifiable project not notified to HSE | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
A2Procedural / Organisational14
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| A2.1 | Lack of supervision | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.2 | Inadequate planning | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.3 | Poor coordination | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.4 | Incorrect sequencing | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.5 | Permit-to-work failures | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.6 | Inadequate briefings / toolbox talks | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.7 | Incomplete inductions | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.8 | Inadequate monitoring | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.9 | Documentation errors | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.10 | Working outside RAMS | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.11 | Poor change control / management of change | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.12 | SIMOPS conflicts (simultaneous operations) | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.13 | Inadequate competence verification | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A2.14 | Lack of lessons learned from incidents | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
A3Human Factors14
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| A3.1 | Fatigue | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.2 | Stress / mental health | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.3 | Competence gaps | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.4 | Complacency | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.5 | Poor communication | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.6 | Misinterpretation | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.7 | Overconfidence | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.8 | Decision-making pressure | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.9 | Ergonomic strain / awkward postures | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.10 | Lone working | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.11 | Substance impairment | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.12 | Language / literacy barriers | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.13 | Shift work / night work disruption | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A3.14 | Bullying / harassment | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
A4Information / Design / Communication10
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| A4.1 | Incorrect drawings or surveys | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.2 | Misinterpreted design data | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.3 | Incorrect test data use | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.4 | Missing residual risks (CDM) | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.5 | Poor design assumptions | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.6 | Undocumented limitations | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.7 | H&S file not updated / incomplete | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.8 | Poor design–construction interface | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.9 | As-built vs actual conditions mismatch | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| A4.10 | Inadequate site investigation data | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
BPre-construction information & site conditions
B1Environmental Hazards18
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| B1.3 | Mud / softened ground | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (ground conditions and safe access)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.4 | Poor ventilation | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fresh air and ventilation, where applicable)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.5 | Confined spaces (environmental aspect) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| B1.6 | Cold exposure / hypothermia | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (weather protection and welfare, where applicable) |
| B1.7 | Heat exposure / heat stroke | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (welfare and working conditions) |
| B1.8 | Humidity | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (ventilation and working conditions, where applicable) |
| B1.9 | Wind loading | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Work at Height Regulations 2005 (where work at height is affected) |
| B1.10 | Solar glare | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site lighting and safe access) |
| B1.11 | Pollution | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Environmental Protection Act 1990 (where applicable) |
| B1.12 | Contaminated land | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Environmental Protection Act 1990 (where applicable) |
| B1.13 | Darkness / night working | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site lighting)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.14 | Lightning strike | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.15 | Flooding / flash flooding | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (prevention of flooding)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.16 | Ground instability / subsidence | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (stability and excavations)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.17 | Ground gases (methane/CO₂/H₂S) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where flammable gases are present)Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (where applicable) |
| B1.18 | Radon (ionising radiation) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 |
| B1.19 | UXO presence | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B1.20 | Coastal erosion / tidal surge | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
B2Ground Works & Geotechnical8
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| B2.1 | Excavation collapse (general) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.2 | Base heave | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.3 | Running sands / piping | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.4 | Hydraulic inflow | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.5 | Edge surcharge | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.6 | Buried obstructions (foundations/tanks) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.7 | Artesian conditions | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| B2.8 | Made ground instability | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (excavations and ground stability)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
B3Utilities & Services6
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| B3.1 | Underground electrical cable strike (HSG47) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Electricity at Work Regulations 1989HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services) |
| B3.2 | Gas pipe strike | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services)Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996 (where applicable) |
| B3.3 | Water main strike | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services) |
| B3.4 | Telecoms / fibre strike | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services) |
| B3.5 | Service diversion failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services) |
| B3.6 | Live services not isolated | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services)Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (for electrical services) |
B4Radiation & Non-Ionising1
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| B4.3 | Laser hazards | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 |
B5Biological Hazards11
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| B5.1 | Leptospirosis (Weil's disease) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.2 | Bacteria (Legionella, tetanus) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.3 | Mould / fungal spores | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.4 | Sewage contamination | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.5 | Bird droppings | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.6 | Insect / rodent infestation | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.7 | Biological agents in soil | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.8 | Contaminated surfaces | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.9 | Zoonotic diseases (Lyme) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| B5.10 | Japanese knotweed | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (where applicable)Environmental Protection Act 1990 (where applicable) (controlled waste, where applicable) |
| B5.11 | Giant hogweed | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (where applicable) |
CHigh-risk construction activities
C1Confined Space8
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C1.1 | Oxygen deficiency | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.2 | Oxygen enrichment (fire risk) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.3 | Toxic atmosphere | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.4 | Heat build-up | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.5 | Limited escape routes | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.7 | Water ingress / flooding | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.9 | Inert gas asphyxiation (N₂/Ar/CO₂) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
| C1.10 | Sludge/liquid drowning | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire, flooding, asphyxiation and emergency provisions, where applicable) |
C2Working at Height12
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C2.1 | Inadequate edge protection | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.2 | Guardrail failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.3 | Ladder failure / misuse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.4 | Mobile tower instability | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.5 | MEWP overturning | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) |
| C2.6 | Harness / lanyard failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.7 | Anchor point failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.8 | Roof fragility not identified | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.9 | Skylight falls | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.10 | Incomplete / damaged scaffolding | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| C2.11 | Leading edge work | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
| C2.12 | Working on sloping roofs | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005 |
C3Fire & Explosion8
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C3.2 | Hot works (welding/cutting/grinding) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and emergency provisions)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where flammable substances or atmospheres are present) |
| C3.3 | Electrical faults | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and emergency provisions) |
| C3.4 | Battery fires (Li-ion) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and emergency provisions)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where an explosive atmosphere risk exists) |
| C3.5 | Flammable dust explosions | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and emergency provisions) |
| C3.7 | Pressurised system explosion | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and explosion provisions) |
| C3.8 | Gas leak / explosion | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and explosion provisions) |
| C3.10 | DSEAR zoning/ignition source control | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) |
| C3.12 | Spontaneous combustion | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (fire and emergency provisions)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where dangerous substances are involved) |
C4Electrical7
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C4.1 | Electrical shock | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 |
| C4.3 | Arcing / explosion | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 |
| C4.4 | Arc flash | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 |
| C4.5 | Faulty equipment | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 |
| C4.8 | Improper isolation (lock-off failure) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 |
| C4.11 | Overhead cable strikes | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE GS6 (avoiding danger from overhead power lines) |
| C4.13 | RCD failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 |
C5Chemical & Hazardous Substances15
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C5.2 | Fumes (welding/diesel) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.3 | Vapours (solvents/VOCs) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where vapours are flammable) |
| C5.5 | Hazardous liquids (acids/alkalis) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.6 | Cementitious materials (wet concrete/mortar) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.8 | Contaminated water/soil | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.11 | Silica dust (RCS) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.12 | Asbestos exposure (building fabric) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 |
| C5.13 | Asbestos in soils/recycled fill | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 |
| C5.14 | Welding fumes | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.15 | Diesel exhaust | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.16 | DSEAR explosive atmospheres | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) |
| C5.17 | Lead exposure (paint/pipework) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 |
| C5.18 | Ground vapours (VOCs) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where vapours are flammable) |
| C5.19 | Isocyanates | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
| C5.20 | Epoxy resins (sensitisation) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) |
C6Physical Hazards10
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C6.1 | Slips, trips, falls (same level) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (safe access and site conditions) |
| C6.3 | Falling objects | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| C6.4 | Impact / struck-by | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) (where work equipment is involved) |
| C6.5 | Crushing / entrapment | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) (where machinery or work equipment is involved) |
| C6.6 | Sharp edges / cuts / lacerations | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) (where tools or machinery are involved)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| C6.7 | Housekeeping hazards | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site order and safe access) |
| C6.17 | Manual handling injuries | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 |
| C6.18 | Repetitive strain injuries | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (where manual handling is involved) |
| C6.24 | Needle-stick injuries | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| C6.28 | Unguarded openings/voids/penetrations | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
C7Structural Hazards10
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C7.1 | Structural collapse (total) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (structural stability) |
| C7.4 | Loss of stability | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (structural stability) |
| C7.5 | Overloading (dead/live loads) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) (where temporary works are involved) |
| C7.9 | Deterioration/corrosion | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
| C7.10 | Hidden defects | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| C7.11 | Unsupported edges | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| C7.12 | Temporary works failure (propping/shoring/falsework) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) |
| C7.14 | Scaffold collapse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| C7.16 | Adjacent structure damage | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (stability of structures and adjoining structures) |
| C7.19 | Falsework/centering collapse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) |
C8Mechanical & Machinery16
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| C8.1 | Moving plant/machinery | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site vehicle movement, where applicable) |
| C8.2 | Machine overturning | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.3 | Mechanical failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.4 | Guarding failures | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.5 | Entanglement | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.7 | Pinch/crush points | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.8 | Stored mechanical energy | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.9 | Hydraulic failure / hose whip | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.10 | Pneumatic failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (where the pneumatic system is within scope) |
| C8.11 | Tool failure (breakage/ejection) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.12 | Ejection of materials | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| C8.13 | Lifting equipment failure (cranes/hoists/MEWPs) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) |
| C8.14 | Load drop from height | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) |
| C8.15 | Slinging/rigging failures | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) |
| C8.17 | Wire rope/chain failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) |
| C8.18 | Abrasive wheel burst | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
DSpecialist & discipline-specific works
D1Demolition-Specific7
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| D1.1 | Uncontrolled collapse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 6187 (demolition, recognised practice) |
| D1.2 | Premature collapse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 6187 (demolition, recognised practice) |
| D1.3 | Debris ejection | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 6187 (demolition, recognised practice) |
| D1.4 | Pre-weakening errors | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 6187 (demolition, recognised practice) |
| D1.5 | Accidental damage to retained structures | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 6187 (demolition, recognised practice) |
| D1.6 | Blast/vibration from demolition | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 6187 (demolition, recognised practice) |
| D1.7 | Buried services activation | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services)Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (for electrical services) |
D2Tunnelling & Underground Works8
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| D2.1 | Tunnel collapse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (structural stability and excavations) |
| D2.2 | Ground settlement/subsidence above | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (ground stability and excavations) |
| D2.3 | Compressed air working (hyperbaric) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Work in Compressed Air Regulations 1996 |
| D2.4 | Methane/H₂S ingress | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (asphyxiation and emergency provisions)Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (where flammable gas is present)Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (where applicable) |
| D2.5 | Groundwater inrush | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (prevention of flooding)Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (where applicable) |
| D2.6 | Shaft sinking hazards | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (where applicable)Work at Height Regulations 2005 (where a fall risk exists) |
| D2.7 | TBM entrapment | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| D2.8 | Restricted egress/rescue | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures and routes)Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (where applicable) |
D3Piling & Drilling6
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| D3.1 | Piling rig instability/overturning | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) (where lifting operations are involved) |
| D3.2 | Pile casing/auger collapse | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) (where lifting operations are involved) |
| D3.3 | Bentonite/slurry spills | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) (where hazardous slurry or additives are used)Environmental Protection Act 1990 (where applicable) (where pollution controls apply) |
| D3.4 | Noise/vibration damage to structures | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 (worker exposure, where applicable)Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 (worker exposure, where applicable) |
| D3.5 | Contact with buried services during piling | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015HSE HSG47 (avoiding danger from underground services)Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (for electrical services) |
| D3.6 | Kelly bar/leader mast failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) (where lifting operations are involved) |
D4Concrete Works6
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| D4.1 | Formwork failure (cross-reference) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) |
| D4.2 | Wet concrete burns (alkali) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| D4.3 | Concrete pump blockage/whip | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| D4.4 | Skip/bucket swing hazards | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) (where the skip/bucket forms part of a lifting operation)Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) |
| D4.5 | Rebar injuries (impalement/cuts) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| D4.6 | Vibrator electrocution (wet conditions) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Electricity at Work Regulations 1989Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
D5Steelwork Erection5
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| D5.1 | Steel member drop | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) |
| D5.2 | Connection failure during erection | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| D5.3 | Temporary bracing inadequacy | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) |
| D5.4 | Lifting/slinging of awkward loads | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| D5.5 | Working at height on steel frames | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
D6Marine & Waterfront Works6
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| D6.1 | Work over/near water (cross-reference) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (prevention of drowning)Work at Height Regulations 2005 (where a fall from height risk exists) |
| D6.2 | Tidal/current hazards | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (prevention of drowning and safe access) |
| D6.3 | Vessel collision with works | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Merchant shipping / navigation requirements (where applicable) |
| D6.4 | Diving operations | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Diving at Work Regulations 1997 |
| D6.5 | Cofferdam failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) (where the cofferdam is temporary works)Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (where applicable) |
| D6.6 | Marine piling vibration/noise | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 (worker exposure, where applicable)Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 (worker exposure, where applicable) |
ELogistics, interfaces & public exposure
E1Transport & Traffic13
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| E1.1 | Plant collisions | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.2 | Reversing vehicles | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.3 | Pedestrian/plant interface | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.4 | Route obstructions | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.5 | Poor segregation | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.6 | Blind spots | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.7 | Vehicle incursion from public | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.8 | Loading/unloading incidents | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.9 | Temporary traffic management failure (Red Book) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles)New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (where applicable)Safety at Street Works and Road Works Code of Practice ('Red Book', where applicable) |
| E1.10 | Chapter 8 compliance failure (road works) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles)Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016 (where applicable)Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 8 (guidance, where applicable) |
| E1.11 | Banksman/signaller absence or error | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
| E1.12 | Unsecured loads during transport | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (vehicles and loading)Road Traffic Act 1988 / Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 (where applicable) |
| E1.13 | Access/egress route failure | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (traffic routes and vehicles) |
E2Public Interface & Third Party6
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| E2.2 | Unauthorized site access | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (section 3 duties to non-employees)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site security) |
| E2.3 | Public exposure to noise/dust/vibration | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (section 3 duties to non-employees)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Control of Pollution Act 1974 (where applicable)Environmental Protection Act 1990 (where applicable) |
| E2.4 | Falling debris onto public areas | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (section 3 duties to non-employees)Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 |
| E2.5 | Damage to third-party property | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (where health or safety is affected)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Party Wall etc. Act 1996 / common-law duties (where applicable) |
| E2.6 | Public footpath/highway obstruction | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (section 3 duties to non-employees)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Highways Act 1980 (where applicable)New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (where applicable) |
| E2.7 | School/hospital proximity risks | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (section 3 duties to non-employees)Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 |
E3Welfare & Site Facilities6
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| E3.1 | Inadequate welfare facilities | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (Schedule 2 welfare requirements)Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 |
| E3.2 | Contaminated drinking water | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (Schedule 2 welfare requirements)Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 |
| E3.3 | Inadequate heating/cooling in welfare | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (Schedule 2 welfare requirements)Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 |
| E3.4 | Poor hygiene facilities leading to disease | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (Schedule 2 welfare requirements)Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 |
| E3.5 | Inadequate drying facilities (wet PPE) | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (Schedule 2 welfare requirements)Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 |
| E3.6 | Lack of secure storage (theft/vandalism) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site security and site organisation) |
FResidual & emergency risks
F1Residual Risks After Completion8
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| F1.1 | Unprotected penetrations | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Work at Height Regulations 2005Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (residual risk and health and safety file duties) |
| F1.2 | Weakening of structural elements | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (structural stability and health and safety file duties) |
| F1.3 | Debris/stockpiles left in situ | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (site order, completion and handover) |
| F1.4 | Contamination not remediated | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (residual risk and handover duties)Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) (where hazardous substances remain)Environmental Protection Act 1990 (where applicable) (where contamination controls apply) |
| F1.5 | Incomplete reinstatement | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (completion and handover duties) |
| F1.6 | Temporary works removed prematurely | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015BS 5975 (temporary works, recognised practice) |
| F1.7 | Latent defects (post-handover) | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (health and safety file / residual risk duties)Building Safety Act 2022 / Building Regulations 2010 (where applicable) |
| F1.8 | Inadequate O&M manuals | Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (health and safety file duties)Building Safety Act 2022 / Building Regulations 2010 (where applicable) |
F2Emergency-Related9
| Ref | Hazard | Law / regulation / recognised guidance |
|---|---|---|
| F2.1 | Inadequate evacuation routes/procedures | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures, routes and exits) |
| F2.2 | Lack of rescue equipment/plan (confined space, height) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures)Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (for confined-space rescue, where applicable)Work at Height Regulations 2005 (for work-at-height rescue, where applicable) |
| F2.3 | Medical emergencies (heart attack, anaphylaxis) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures)Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 |
| F2.4 | Structural collapse during emergency | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures and structural safety) |
| F2.5 | Communication failure (radios, alarms) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures and warning arrangements) |
| F2.6 | First-aid unavailability | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 |
| F2.7 | Inadequate emergency drills | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures and testing of arrangements) |
| F2.8 | Lack of emergency lighting | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency routes, exits and emergency lighting) |
| F2.9 | Assembly point hazards (traffic, re-entry) | Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (emergency procedures, safe areas and traffic routes) |
No hazards match that search. Try a regulation name or a reference such as C2.
How this Construction Hazard Register should be read and used
This register is intended to function as a master hazard identification model, not as a substitute for project-specific risk assessments, method statements or design decisions. Its purpose is to define the universe of hazards that reasonably arise in UK construction, organised in a way that reflects how risk is identified, controlled and evidenced in practice under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 and associated health and safety law.
The structure of the register follows the construction risk lifecycle, not a trade sequence.
A
Section A establishes the legal, organisational and human factors that sit upstream of physical harm and are repeatedly identified by regulators as root causes of serious incidents.
B
Section B reflects pre-construction information duties, site conditions and environmental constraints that shape risk before work starts.
C
Section C captures high-risk construction activities that carry inherent potential for serious injury or catastrophic failure.
D
Section D addresses specialist and discipline-specific activities where risk profiles change due to method, equipment or environment.
E
Section E focuses on logistics, movement, interfaces and public exposure, which are common sources of harm despite being non-technical.
F
Section F identifies residual and long-term risks that remain after construction and must be communicated through the Health and Safety File.
Each hazard is presented as a stable reference point, not as an isolated event. The reference codes are designed to remain consistent across risk assessments, RAMS, audits, investigations and digital systems, enabling traceability rather than one-off documentation. Where hazards appear similar across categories, this reflects the reality that construction risk is layered and context-dependent; hazards are not removed by classification, only better understood.
The law / regulation / recognised guidance column identifies the primary statutory or regulatory framework and, where useful, recognised industry guidance that gives each hazard its legal relevance. This does not imply that a single regulation applies in isolation, nor that every hazard results in a specific offence if realised. UK health and safety law operates on the principles of duty, reasonable practicability and foreseeability. This register supports those principles by making hazards explicit and linking them to the legal context in which decisions are assessed by courts, regulators and clients.
This register is designed to be interrogated, filtered and scoped. Users should expect to remove hazards that are not relevant to a particular project, phase or role, and to expand or subdivide hazards where a specific method introduces additional risk. The absence of a hazard from a project-specific risk assessment should be the result of a conscious decision, not an oversight. Conversely, the presence of a hazard in this register does not imply that work is unsafe if appropriate controls are in place.
Who uses the register
Designers & principal designers
For designers and principal designers, the register supports early hazard identification, residual risk communication and coordination under CDM.
Principal contractors & contractors
For principal contractors and contractors, it supports systematic RAMS development, competence checks, sequencing and interface management.
Specialist contractors
For specialist contractors, it provides a framework for demonstrating that hazards inherent to their activities have been recognised and addressed.
Clients, auditors & regulators
For clients, auditors and regulators, it provides a transparent basis for assessing whether risk has been properly considered rather than retrospectively rationalised.
This register also reflects the post-Building Safety Act environment, where evidence of decision-making matters as much as outcomes. Hazard identification is no longer a formality but a foundational step in demonstrating competence, control and accountability. By structuring hazards in a consistent, legally anchored way, this register supports the creation of proportionate, defensible safety management systems without reducing risk to a tick-box exercise.
Used correctly, this Construction Hazard Register should function as a reference layer beneath project documentation: stable, interrogable and capable of supporting professional judgement. It is deliberately comprehensive, because in construction the question is rarely whether a hazard existed, but whether it was reasonably foreseeable and appropriately managed.
Expert Verification & Authorship
Mihai Chelmus